Narrative Memory and Historical Echoes: Euhemerism in the Book of Dede Korkut
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Abstract
The Kitab-i Dede Korkut, a foundational epic of the Oghuz Turks, reflects nomadic life, heroic ideals, and cultural values while preserving echoes of historical realities from Anatolia, Azerbaijan, and the Caucasus. Although primarily a literary and folkloric corpus rather than a chronicle, this study analyzes the epic through the theoretical framework of euhemerism in order to evaluate its potential as a historical source. Employing an interdisciplinary methodology that integrates history, literary studies, anthropology, and linguistics, the research conducts comparative textual analysis of the Dresden, Vatican, and Turkmen Sahra manuscripts alongside with contemporaneous sources, including al-Masʿūdī’s chronicles, medieval Rus’ accounts, and Abul Ghazi Bahadur Khan’s genealogical works. The findings demonstrate that historical events and figures were incorporated into the epic narrative through the processes of time stratification, narrative fusion, and symbolic transformation. Rather than deification, the epic reflects the sanctification of heroes, which corresponds to its Islamic-era writing. Furthermore, tribal eponyms embedded in characters’ names provide valuable ethnogenetic data, while the coexistence of pre-Islamic shamanistic motifs and Islamic elements illustrates the transitional religious landscape of Turkic societies. Overall, the study shows that euhemerist analysis allows for the identification of historical strata within epic tradition, revealing the Book of Dede Korkut as a repository of collective memory and socio-political experience.
How to Cite
Aliyeva, L. A. (2026). Narrative Memory and Historical Echoes: Euhemerism in the Book of Dede Korkut. The World of the Orient, (1 (130), 82-97. https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2026.01.082
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Keywords
Book of Dede Korkut; Korkut Ata; euhemerism; medieval Turks; Oghuzs; Shamanism
References
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Ergin M. (1964), Dede Korkut kitabı. Metin-Sözlük, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.
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Kitabi-Dədə Qorqud (2004), Tərtib edəni Samət Əlizadə, nəşrə hazırlayan Tofiq Hacıyev, Yazıçı, Öndər Nəşriyyatı, Bakı. (In Azerbaijani).
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Aliyarlı S. S. (2012), Tariximiz açıqlanmamış mövzuları ilə, Mütərcim, Bakı.
Aliyeva L. (2006), Qipçaqlar və Azərbaycan: etnogenez kontelstində, Bakı Dövlət Universiteti Neşriyyatı, Bakı.
Aliyeva L. A. (2025), “Tracking the Religious Transformation in the Early Medieval Eastern Caucasus”, Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, No. 2, pp. 34–39.
Aliyeva L. A. and Latifova S. (2025), “Women and Islam in the Medieval Azerbaijan”, East European Historical Bulletin, No. 34, pp. 8–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.34.324604
Azmun Y. (2019), Dede Korkut’un Üçüncü Elyazması Soylamalar ve İki Yeni Boy ile Türkmen Sahra Nüshası, Kutlu Yayınevi, İstanbul.
Boratav P. N. (2010), “Dede Korkut Hikâyelerindeki Tarihi Olaylar Ve Kitabin Telif Tarihi”, Journal of Turkology, Vol. 13, pp. 31–62.
Ebülgazi B. H. (1974), Şecere-i Terakime / Türklerin soy kütüğü, hazırlayan Muharrem Ergin, Tercüman, İstanbul.
Ekici M. (2019), Dede Korkut Kitabı Türkistan/Türkmen Sahra Nüshası, Soylamalar ve 13. Boy Salur Kazan’ın Yedi Başlı Ejderhayı Öldürmesi, Ötüken Neşriyatı, İstanbul.
Erdem M. (1998), Dede Korkut Türkmenistan varyantları, Doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
Ergin M. (1964), Dede Korkut kitabı. Metin-Sözlük, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.
Gerber A. (2021), “Grounding the Gods: Spreading Geographical Euhemerism from Servius to Boccaccio”, in Euhemerism and Its Uses the Mortal Gods, Syrithe Pugh (ed.), Routledge, London and New York, pp. 104–126.
Gökyay O. Ş. (2007), Dedem Korkutun Kitabı, Kabalcı Yayınevi, İstanbul.
Isaacs R. (2021), “Tengrism”, in Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Central Asia, Routledge, London and New York, pp. 451–460.
Jáuregui M. H. de (2013), “Euhemeros and Euhemerism”, in The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, Roger Bagnall et al. (eds), Vol. V: Ec–Ge, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 2554–2555.
Kahn L. W. (1939), “Rudolf von Ems. Der gute Gerhard. Truth and Fiction in Medieval Epics”, Germanic Review, Vol. 14, pp. 208–214.
Kitabi-Dədə Qorqud (2004), Tərtib edəni Samət Əlizadə, nəşrə hazırlayan Tofiq Hacıyev, Yazıçı, Öndər Nəşriyyatı, Bakı.
Krueger R. L. (ed.). (2004), The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Romance, Cambridge University Press.
“Life of David, King of Kings” (2014), in Kartlis Tskhovreba. A History of Georgia, Artanuji Publishing, Tbilisi, pp. 171–199.
Mesudi (2004), Murûc Ez Zeheb (Altın Bozkırlar), Çevirmen, D. Ahsen Batur, Selenge Yayınları, İstanbul.
Mirkhwānd (1727), Rawzat al-Ṣafā fī Sīrat al-Anbiyāʾ wa-l-Mulūk wa-l-Khulafāʾ, al-Mujallad al-Sādis, Copie achevée (f. 227v).
Pylypchuk Y. (2024), “Adat Among Eurasian Nomads”, Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 26–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54414/HCPQ8556
Yusifov Y. B. & Kərimov S. K. (1987), Toponimikanın əsasları, Maarif, Baku.
REFERENCES
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