THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE OF JAPAN IN XIX C. (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SHINTO). PART IІ
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Abstract
In the second part of the article the transformations that took place in Japanese spiritual culture (on the example of Shinto) in the second half of the XIXth century – after the Meiji Revolution / Restoration – are analyzed. In the process of reforms three periods are distinguished, corresponding to attempts to implement three various projects – the Jingikan restoration (1968–1871), the Movement for spreading the Great teaching (1872–1875) and Westernization (1875–1900). The role of kokugaku and Mito school ideas, as well as the concepts of “religion” and “freedom of religion” in these projects, is demonstrated. Special attention is given to the separation of Shinto frоm Buddhism, the changes in the status of the emperor, the calendar reform, as well as the Meiji Constitution and the Imperial rescript on education. Finally, the appearance of a new religion Oomoto and its place in the overall process of modernization is considered.
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Japan, Shinto, Spiritual Culture
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