BHAGAVADGĪTĀ. CHAPTERS 18 / TRANSLATION FROM THE SANSKRIT, INTRODUCTORY ARTICLE AND COMMENTARIES BY D. BURBA
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Abstract
This publication presents the Ukrainian translation of the eighteenth chapter of Bhagavadgita, composed perhaps in the 1st or 2nd century CE that is the most famous Hindu Scripture.
The eighteenth chapter is entitled The Yoga of Renunciation and Liberation. It is the most voluminous chapter of Bhagavadgita. The chapter first explains two similar terms: saṃnyāsa or renunciation (also the order of life of a mendicant monk) and tyāga or relinquishment. This chapter once again notes a living person cannot completely stop acting; therefore real renunciation of the world is not a cessation of actions, but a renunciation of the desire to enjoy their fruits.
Three types of renunciation (tamasic, rajasic, and sattvic) are named. These three gunas or aspects of material nature through which it is manifesting and functioning were described in the fourteenth and seventeenth chapters of Bhagavadgita. In the eighteenth chapter the types of knowledge, actions, doers, intelligences, perseverance and happiness are also classified according to the three gunas. The five causes of successful completion of any action and the threefold constituents of action are listed.
A list of traditional occupations of the four varnas or the main classes of ancient Indian society is given.
The last verses call to entrust oneself to the god Krishna, who will generously reward a believer. Two verses also call us “to reveal this secret” to bhaktas of Krishna and forbid to impart the teaching to non-bhaktas.
The concepts and realities considered in these chapters are explained by the translator in notes, with quotations from the Mahabharata, as well as by citing the Bhagavata Purana, Brahma Purana, Laws of Manu, Rig Veda, Sankhya Karika, Upanishads, and other classical texts of Hinduism.
How to Cite
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Bhagavadgita, Hinduism, India, Mahabharata, meditation, religion, Sanskrit, translation, yoga
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The Sānkhya-kārikā by the great sage Ishwar-Krishna with commentary called Sānkhya-tattva Kaumudi by Shri Vachaspati Mishra and another commentary called Vidvattoshini by Shri Balaram Udaseen (1931), Guru-Mandal-Ashrama, Haridwar. (In Sanscrit).
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