DMYTRO VYSHNEVETS’KIY AND THE CIRCASSIANS IN THE SERVICE OF THE MOSCOW TSAR IVAN IV
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Abstract
The relations between the Ukrainians and Circassians were intensive in the 16th centuries AD. For example, the Ukrainian aristocrat Dmytro Vishnevetskiy was in the service of the Moscow Tsar Ivan IV in the middle of the 16th century. Unfortunately, many historians did not mention this fact. We know many information about other aspects of Vyshnevets’kiy’s activity. However last time some modern historians began to write about the cooperation of this Ukrainian aristocrat with the Circassians when all of them were at the service of the Moscow Tsar Ivan IV. Due to them, now we know the new information from the Ottoman and Moscow written sources about these events. According to the instructions of the Moscow Tsar, Dmytro fought against the Turks and Crimean Tatars together with the Kabardians and the Circassians from the Zhane tribe. We can determinate two periods in this activity of Dmytro Vishnevetskiy. So, the first was on January in 1558 – on early September in 1559. In this time Dmytro Vishnevetskiy and the Kabardians fought against the Turks and Crimean Tatars near the Azov fortress. The second period was on September in 1559 – on September in 1560. In this time Dmytro Vishnevets’kiy and the Circassians from the Zhane tribe fought against the Turks not only near the Azov fortress but also on the banks of the Kerch spilling. Some time later Dmytro came back to the Polish-Lithuanian king. Maybe, some Circassians came with him to Poland. Their way passed through the territory of Ukraine and they could stay there. Unfortunately, we do not know, when Dmytro Vishnevets’kiy came from the Moscow Tsar Ivan IV to the Polish-Lithuanian king – in 1560 or 1561. Besides, as well we do not know much about the migration of Circassians from the Northern Caucasus to Poland and Ukraine could be connected with activity of Vishnevets’kiy in 1561 or no. Maybe, these questions can be the new object of researches for the further generations of historians.
How to Cite
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Circassians, Dmytro Vishnevets’kiy, Ivan IV, Kabardians, Northern Caucasus, Poland, Turks and Crimean Tatars, Ukraine, Zhane tribe
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